South Africa, the epicentre of the HIV epidemic with 7.8 million people living with HIV, has seen remarkable progress, with 5.8 million on antiretrovirals (ARVs) achieving undetectable viral loads. A unique group, known as elite controllers, naturally maintain undetectable viral loads without treatment, comprising about 0.5% of the global HIV population.
Dr Veron Ramsuran from the University of KwaZulu-Natal is leading research on this phenomenon, focusing on the human genome’s role in controlling the virus. The study, which includes whole genomic sequencing, has identified new genes and mutations in elite controllers of African descent.
Critical research
This research is critical as it can lead to new treatment and vaccine opportunities, ensuring Africans are at the forefront of drug development. Elite controllers, unaffected by defective virus strains or superior health conditions, cannot transmit the virus to others, including sexual partners and unborn children.
This supports the U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) principle, emphasising the importance of continued protective measures. This research enhances understanding of HIV in African populations, with implications for broader disease treatment and vaccine development, ensuring equitable healthcare advancements worldwide.
